In each room, the walls are leveled. Repair does without this procedure very rarely. The process of leveling the walls, no matter how it is carried out, refers to the finishing works. 
Scheme of alignment of walls by lighthouses. There are only two ways to level the walls:
- drywall;
- building mixtures.
These two methods are also called dry and wetalignment, each has its own characteristics. To reveal the most suitable method, unevenness on the walls must be measured beforehand using a level, level or ordinary plummet. Putty helps to remove cavities and potholes, not exceeding 5-6 mm. The construction mixture is used when irregularities reach 3-5 cm, and if the differences are greater than this value, it's easiest to use drywall.
Aligning walls with plaster
The following materials and tools will be required for work:
- plaster mixture;
- capacity;
- water;
- reinforcing mesh;
- primer;
- Master OK;
- level;
- rule;
- putty knife;
- lighthouses.
Scheme of wall engraving. Before proceeding directly to leveling, preparatory work is required. Finishing materials that were on the wall before, if possible, should be dismantled, and then once again evaluate the surface that needs plastering. Peeling and delaminating the wall should not, such places are cleaned up to a solid surface. Often when using plaster, the drying of its layer reveals exactly such invisible defects. Under the influence of moisture, part of the wall loses solidity and, together with the plaster, begins to crumble. To avoid this, three conditions must be observed:
- qualitative preparation of the treated surface;
- good building mix;
- accurate beacons.
To level the brick wall, the besta building mix on a cement basis is suitable. Since its value relative to others is low, it will not be difficult to use it. Important for brick walls and the fact that such mixtures can be applied sufficiently thick layer. Use for the reinforcement of the plaster mesh can begin with a thickness exceeding 2 cm. If you want to plaster a smooth wall of concrete, it is best to use the mixture on a gypsum base, such mixtures are called equalizing. As a rule, small quartz particles enter into these mixtures, which makes the wall covered with them rough and improves the grip. Before the beginning of work, the surface must be primed, and if reinforcement is planned, it is carried out with a special grid, the dimensions of the cells are 5x5 cm. In order to treat the surface of foam concrete, most often mixtures of gypsum or compositions based on cement. Such walls must be primed, but you do not need to add quartz to the primer, because the foam concrete is rough enough by itself. Used for the erection of partitions, slabs are plastered after applying an ordinary primer with a gypsum mixture. To determine the readiness of the surface to apply a mixture of plaster on it, there is a set of lighthouses. Back to contents</a> Lighthouses and their installation on the wall 
Scheme of plaster walls on lighthouses. In construction, beacons are called special sorts of guides that help to control the leveling of the surface when liquid mixtures are used for this. Beacons for plastering can be a perforated profile, and its width in this case will depend on the volume of the mixture applied to the wall. Beginners in this matter it is better to use special purchased beacons. Such consumables after the work done do not need to be removed and there is no need to mask the depressions that appear after removing them. Beacons are placed on specially applied strips of a quick-setting mortar or a mixture with the help of which plastering will be carried out. Between all the lighthouses you need to determine the distance. Determine it with the help of the rule and taking into account its size. The edges of the rule should rest without slipping into two beacons. Back to contents</a> How do I apply plaster? With the help of a trowel, in the interval between two beacons, an intentionally excessive amount of a mixture, called a slander, is laid out. A tool called a falcon is used: it is similar to a trowel, it has a handle and is generally reminiscent of it, but the base of its trowel considerably exceeds its base with its dimensions. 
Tools for wall leveling. Plaster from the tank is recruited by a falcon, and then, with the help of a trowel, it is dropped from it onto the wall between the beacons. This tool saves time and improves productivity, as it is not necessary to return too often to a container with putty. On the wall, the solution is distributed in the direction from the bottom upwards with the help of the rule. If this requires a massive layer of plaster to be applied immediately, the coarse namet is not aligned in place. Then, when this rough layer dries up, another nest is applied on top of it, now it's a finishing variant, aligning it in the same way with the help of the rule. Back to contents</a>
Alignment of walls with putty
For shpatlevaniya walls will need:
- solution;
- water;
- primer;
- capacity;
- level;
- grinding machine;
- putty knife.
Scheme of proper surface plastering. Surface before carrying out repairs of this kind, too, must first be primed. This method, which performs the alignment of walls, is not always applicable. To achieve with a putty flat surface, suitable for painting or further finishing, is possible only if the wall was originally flat enough, and the differences in heights on it were not large. Under other conditions of repair, putty can be used, but as a finishing touch after all other equalization operations. It is more preferable to use several spatulas (wide and narrow), and a special cuvette with a narrow bottom will still be needed. The mixture is kneaded in such a consistency that the cone formed in the center of the container from stirring by the stick remains in a constant shape. The putty freezes quickly enough, so during the application it will be necessary to dilute it several times with water or a special primer. The desired consistency of the mixture is also determined with a spatula, as it does not slip off of it, keeping in an upright position. When the putty for repair is properly prepared and placed in a cuvette, it needs to be covered, thus preventing too rapid drying. On the surface of the wall, a small amount of the mixture is applied with a spatula using small strokes. The putty should be leveled so that its layer is 1-2 mm. This is done by moving in a horizontal direction, with great care. 
Wall alignment scheme. Spatula for repair is required to keep at an angle, without forgetting that the more the tilt angle of the spatula to the surface, the thickness of the layer remaining on the wall will be less. For beginners, it is useful for greater comfort to hold the spatula with a different hand. After the mixture has grasped, it is washed using a primer. This removes unevenness and buildup. Drying is left for at least 24 hours, and after that, sanded using a peel-off skin and removing all the roughness. The second layer is applied, if necessary, but the surface must be primed before it is primed. Without a primer, it is forbidden to apply the second layer, since even the thinnest layer of filler can cause cracking when moisture is absorbed in the previously frozen mixture. Then again wait a day and polish the walls, using a coil wrapped on a bar or a special grinding wheel. Back to contents</a>
Repair of walls with plasterboard
Scheme of wall alignment with plasterboard for glue. This method is also called wireframe and is used in cases where repair of large potholes on walls is otherwise impossible or undesirable. This option of repair is quite efficient and low-budget. It is made in wireframe and frameless ways. For frame repair of walls you will need:
- drywall;
- profile;
- self-tapping screws;
- drill;
- Screwdriver;
- level.
If a wireframe method is used, thenA frame is assembled around the walls. It is then fastened to plasterboard sheets. There is a frame from the metal profile and can be of two types: a guide or a rack. Since the frame of the bar is considered short-lived, it tends to deform, deteriorate from moisture and exposure to microorganisms, more often a metallic profile is used for repairs. Install it is also much easier than wood. For the construction of the frame, the guide profiles are fixed parallel to each other to the ceiling. In the future, guides are installed with the calculation for the width of the drywall sheet (in 40-60 cm). If necessary, there is thermal insulation with mineral wool or any other insulation. When the frame is fully assembled, the sheets of gypsum board are fixed to the metal profile with self-tapping screws. Hats of self-tapping screws should go flush with the surface and hide thus in the sheet. Frameless method is the gluing of drywall sheets directly to the surface, which requires repair. For its carrying out, only the material and glue, suitable for the surfaces to be bonded, are required. In this way, it is impossible to repair walls with large defects, this is the lack of repair by a frameless method. For this, you can use plywood or plastic panels, since the fasteners of these materials do not differ from the fixing of plasterboard. Smooth walls are the main condition for perfect repair, therefore, it is necessary to take seriously the choice of the repair method. </ ul>
