Subfloor is a prepared base for the finishing coating: laminate, linoleum, parquet. Subfloor can be wooden or concrete.
Scheme of installation of subfloor on joists. Advantages of wooden floor:
- ecological compatibility;
- heat insulation;
- good air permeability.
The disadvantage of a rough wooden floor is that this structure does not resist high humidity well. Therefore, wooden joists cannot be installed in baths and steam rooms.
Types of subfloor, depending on the type of base. Concrete screed also has its advantages:
- durability;
- soundproofing;
- high strength;
- resistance to moisture, burning and chemical attack;
- quick installation and affordable price.
The disadvantage of the screed is that it is coldsurface. Such a floor must be insulated. Regardless of the choice of floor, the technologies for the implementation of both structures are labor-intensive and require careful execution of the work.
Floor by hand made of wood material
Construction of a wooden floor on the ground. The execution of a wooden floor has its own technology:
Subfloor beams can be used asuse second or third grade wood. The sides of the beams on which the flooring will be laid should be leveled. Next, the wood must be treated with an antiseptic solution. This is done to prevent insects from inhabiting the wood, which destroy the integrity of the material. The logs can be installed in two ways: on the ceiling or on the base. According to the first method, it is necessary to lay the logs of the lower trim and make grooves in them in those places where the logs of the upper trim will be laid. The depth of the grooves is equal to the width of the upper beams. The trim must be securely installed. For this, brick pillars are made, which will serve as a support for the logs.
Scheme of leveling the subfloor with plywood. Installation of columns is performed at the initial stage of the subfloor. This design is also called "columnar foundation". The technology is as follows:
The distance between the joists depends on the thicknesswood material: the thinner the timber, the closer the joists are located. The laid joists must be secured to each other. The installation of joists "on the base" involves removing the top layer of soil and filling the surface with small gravel. Joists are laid on the resulting base with an overlap, as in the previous version. Next, the lower flooring is made. For this, supports are installed - beams with a cross-section of 50x40 mm and secured to the bottom of the joists. A waterproofing film is laid on the lower base, and a layer of insulation is laid on top. At this stage, it is necessary to decide on the finishing coating. If this is a chipboard sheet material, then before laying it, it is recommended to make a sheathing of transverse bars, which are fixed to the supports. Sheets of flooring are laid on the sheathing so that their joints are located in the center of the lintels. Return to contents</a>
Rough floor of concrete structure
When pouring a subfloor, imperfections and unevenness are allowed. The purpose of a subfloor is to level out large differences in surface height and create a base for the finishing subfloor.
Scheme of the concrete floor device. Step-by-step instructions look like this:
First, you need to clean the surfacegarbage and use a level to determine the height of the screed. Piles of cement mixture of the required height serve as beacons, on which a metal profile is laid. The guides are fixed with mortar. The height of the profiles is the level of the future screed. For good adhesion of the rough screed to the base, it must be prepared. First, all large depressions and cracks must be sealed with mortar. Next, the surface is primed to improve the adhesion of the concrete to the surface of the base. All wires will be embedded in the screed. But before pouring, all communications must be wrapped in insulating material and fixed to the base with dowels. A damper tape must be glued around the perimeter of the room, which compensates for the deformation of the screed. To prepare the solution, cement and sand are taken in a ratio of 1:3. Water is added to the mixture gradually, until the consistency of sour cream is obtained. Approximately, water consumption is 0.5 kg per 1 kg of cement-sand mixture. Necessary tools for preparing the solution and pouring the screed:
- shovel shovel;
- solution tank or electric concrete mixer;
- buckets;
- overalls.
The solution is poured between the beacons andIt is distributed with a rule-rail. If voids are formed, then the mixture is added to those places and leveled again. The cement mixture should be prepared in small portions, since the solution hardens quickly. It is recommended to fill the floor in one day so that the surface is uniform. When drying, the screed may shrink. To prevent this, it is necessary to take the following measures:
A good subfloor is the key to a solid structure for the entire room. High-quality installation and strict adherence to technology will allow the base to serve for many decades.</ ul>
