Completing a home usually meansthe need to start interior work. First of all, this includes finishing the walls, since they occupy the largest area inside the house.
When decorating interior walls, the most important thing is the environmental friendliness of the finishing materials.
Basic rules of decoration
Interior wall finishing work isis a responsible part of construction and repair, because the durability of the repair, its comfort, and its attractiveness to residents depend on what materials and how they will be used. The safety of finishing materials for human health is also of great importance. Materials used in residential premises should not contain harmful toxic substances. For these reasons, wall finishing is a technologically complex stage of work, as well as a materially expensive one. Before starting finishing, it is worth considering possible options, taking into account the pros and cons of each and only then choosing a finishing method, determining the order of work and the list of finishing materials.
Finishing walls with plaster.When finishing the walls inside the house, more attention is paid to the decorative properties of the coating, since, unlike the facade finishing, climatic conditions do not affect it. When choosing finishing materials, you need to remember the purpose of the room. Thus, in the bathroom and kitchen there will be a humid and wet microclimate, so the finishing materials must have moisture-resistant properties. In the bedroom, living room and other rooms, such requirements for materials are no longer imposed. Finishing the walls inside the house involves 2 stages: primary (rough) and final (clean). All finishing work should be carried out at an air temperature of not lower than +5 ° C and not higher than +30 ° C. Air humidity should not exceed 75%. Return to contents</a>
Primary finish
The task of the house is to create a strong,geometrically smooth surface, which will become the basis for the final finishing. The importance of this stage of work is extremely important, since the most expensive coating will be spoiled if applied to a poorly finished rough surface.
Tools for wall finishing.And, on the contrary, on a high-quality base even the simplest wallpaper will please the eye. In addition, it is important to do the primary finishing correctly also because this stage is quite labor-intensive and materially expensive, that is, it is quite difficult to redo it. For the rough stage, there are several of the most common finishing methods:
- cement-sand plaster;
- lime plaster;
- gypsum plaster;
- gypsum board on the profile;
- drywall on the glue.
Cement-sand plaster forms a hard anddense surface at a relatively low cost. At the same time, such plaster is moisture-resistant and frost-resistant. However, cement-sand plaster has disadvantages - fragility, high weight, strong roughness and roughness of the surface and its slight coolness. It is better to apply it in a layer of no more than 5 cm, otherwise the risk of separation of the plaster from the base increases. This finishing method is best suited for walls made of red brick, with which it forms a good bond. Such plaster adheres worse to sand-lime brick, cinder blocks, concrete surfaces. Therefore, when using plaster on such surfaces, it is imperative to use concrete contact. Lime plaster is easy and quick to apply, it can be used to create a thick layer. However, this type of material has many disadvantages: it is fragile, easily destroyed, with a low density and resistance to moisture and frost.
Scheme of plastering a wall using beacons.Gypsum plaster is superior in quality to all other types of plaster. It has good adhesion to almost all surfaces, is plastic and viscous, and is easy to apply, so work can be done much faster. In addition, gypsum plaster forms a fairly smooth surface, which greatly facilitates further finishing work. The only drawback of this type of finishing material is its high cost. The use of gypsum plasterboard allows you to build complex shapes and structures on the walls; with skill, this method allows you to quickly get a smooth surface with virtually no dirt or dust, unlike plastering. When gypsum plasterboard is attached to a profile, voids are formed between the material and the wall, which allows you to use additional materials for insulation and soundproofing, mount pipes, wires, and other engineering systems under it. Gypsum plasterboard allows you to get a smooth and durable surface for further work. However, this type of rough finishing reduces the space, since the minimum gap between the wall and the plasterboard is approximately 4.5 cm. This drawback can be avoided by installing plasterboard on glue. This type of work should be carried out on a surface that does not have significant defects. If the walls are crooked, then it should be taken into account that in this case, when installing plasterboard, you will need to use a lot of glue, which will increase the cost of finishing work. Return to the table of contents</a>
Finishing
Scheme of wall covering with plasterboard onmetal frame. Finishing involves applying a coating to the rough base to give the walls decorative and sanitary-hygienic properties. The main types of materials for finishing are as follows:
- wallpaper;
- paints and varnishes;
- plasters;
- facing materials.
Wallpapers are now available in a huge varietyassortment, thanks to which you can choose any desired color and texture. Wallpaper can be single-layer (paper, non-woven, fabric) and double-layer (vinyl and fabric on a paper or non-woven base), and also consist of wood (bamboo, cork) and metal. Wallpaper is an affordable material for wall decoration, it is quite easy to glue, due to which the interior can be updated often. Some types of wallpaper are water-resistant, they can be washed and used in rooms such as the kitchen, toilet, corridor, hallway. For rooms with high traffic, you need to choose durable wallpaper, for example, vinyl. For children's rooms and bedrooms, it is recommended to use natural wallpaper, preferably paper, since they do not contain any harmful impurities. Paints and varnishes are water-based and non-water-based. They are divided into acrylic, latex, silicone, silicate, acrylate-latex. They are used depending on the purpose of the room; for example, for a bathroom it is worth choosing materials with moisture-resistant properties.
Scheme of basic requirements for wallpapering works.Finishing plasters are called decorative and can be silicone, silicate, mineral and acrylic. Mineral plaster is the cheapest of them, but it can crack if the house is exposed to vibrations. Silicate plaster is more durable, it practically does not get dirty. Acrylic plaster is the most versatile of all types. It is great for damp rooms, easy to clean, is not afraid of temperature changes, dries quickly. Silicone plaster is very flexible and easy to use, but it is expensive. The material is applied to the prepared surface using various spatulas, then the surface is given the desired texture. All types of plaster can be painted after drying, which is an undoubted plus for achieving the desired decorative effect and if necessary to change the interior. In addition to paint, the finishing layer can be varnish with a decorative effect or special wax. Facing materials include ceramics (tiles), PVC panels, plastic. Also, such materials can be of natural origin, for example, stone, wood. Natural stone is quite expensive, so an alternative can be artificial stone or ceramic tiles imitating stone. All materials are mounted on the surface using special adhesives. The method of finishing the walls in the house should be chosen based on the characteristics of the room, the surface being finished, financial and other possibilities. With a responsible approach to finishing the walls inside the house, the result will please the household for many years, preserving the original appearance, strength and reliability.</ ul>
