To date, almost anyThe construction or repair of the house is not complete without plastering the walls. The main task of this work is to smooth the surface of the walls and prepare them for a further kind of finishing. In addition, in our time, decorative plaster is increasingly being used as a complete wall covering, which has not only good performance characteristics, but also a beautiful appearance. That's why each of us will be useful to know what is plastering walls and how to properly execute it. 
With the help of plaster it is possible to level the surface of walls, ceiling, to eliminate small defects.
Manufacturing of mortar for plaster
To perform wall plastering, bothUsually, a cement-sand or lime-sand mortar is used. Preparation of cement-sand mixture requires the presence of materials such as: portland cement grade M400, calcareous flour and quartz sand with very fine fractions. These components must be mixed in a 1: 1: 2 ratio and poured with warm water. The required amount of water can be determined both by calculation and by trial batch. This solution is used in performing such construction tasks as: 
Proportions of plaster solutions.
- sealing of seams between panels and blocks in the staircase;
- covering internal slopes during the finish of plasterboard;
- rastov in the place of joints of panels on ceilings;
- application of a covering to the ground in case if too large sand was used in the preparation of the solution.
To prepare a lime-sand mixture,it is necessary to use such components as: quicklime, quartz sand with fine fractions and calcareous flour. During the preparation of the mixture, the proportion 1: 2: 1 should be observed. The amount of water should be 44-45% of the total volume of the dry mix. That is, for 40 kg of dry mix you will need about 18 liters of water. After mixing, the ready-made lime-sand plaster will need to be left for 30-35 minutes, so that the lime slaking process can be completely completed. This solution is used for the following purposes:
- when performing a normal wet plaster;
- for grouting the surfaces of panels or blocks.
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Materials and Tools
The following tools and materials will be needed for the work: 
Stucco building mixtures.
- sand;
- cement;
- water;
- perforator;
- roulette;
- metal grid;
- level;
- plumb bob;
- lighthouses;
- pencil;
- drill;
- a set of putty knives;
- capacity.
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Preparatory work
Before you proceed directly toplastering process, the surface must be properly prepared. To do this, it must be cleaned of dirt and all old coatings, such as plaster, whitewash or paint. If this is not done, the new plaster will quickly peel off. In addition, if the plaster is planned to be applied to the concrete surface, then small incisions should be made on it beforehand. This will help the material to grasp better and make the coating stronger. In addition, the surface of the wall will need to remove all the dust and it is well primed. 
Plaster mesh is used not only forgiving an even and aesthetically beautiful appearance, but also for strengthening and protecting surfaces. There are several ways to prevent cracking of plaster. It is best for this purpose to encase the surface of the wall with a reinforcing mesh. This way to strengthen the layer of plaster will be especially relevant if the wall has any cracks or joints from various building materials. In addition, the use of a grid will help improve the quality of work if the plaster is applied to the wall rather thickly. If a glass fabric mesh is used, it will need to be drowned literally in solution. But a grid of metal will need to be attached to the wall using dowels. In addition, before applying the solution, it is very important to check for possible vertical deviations. This can be done using a rule with a level or a plumb line. It is important to note that applying plaster to the surface of the wall will be much easier if using special guiding beacons placed on the same plane at a distance of 1-2 m from each other. In addition, before plastering the walls with your own hands, you must always moisten the surface with clean water. This is of great importance, because if you leave the walls dry, they absorb all the water from the solution, because of which, over time, the plaster will lose its strength and begin to crumble. Back to contents</a>
Basic stages of plastering
Scheme of preparation of the wall for applying plaster. Proper plastering of walls with their own hands includes three stages: splashing, priming and covering. You can apply them in two different ways, namely: by winding or spraying a solution. Winding is a simpler technique, but it is only used for ground mixtures and a cover layer. As for the spray, it always pounces and here it is necessary to have some experience. If you plan to plaster a brick or concrete wall, which has a flat surface, then you should start with a very thin layer of the mixture, which should be rubbed into various roughnesses as much as possible. Spray is the first layer of plaster, which must cover the entire surface of the wall being treated. Carrying out this type of plastering yourself, it is necessary to make sure that the mortar completely fills all irregularities and cracks in the surface. For the spray it is required to prepare a solution having a consistency of thick sour cream, and then with a spatula or trowel to throw a wall, moving from the bottom up. This layer of plaster does not need to be leveled, since this way the mortar will bond more firmly with the wall surface. Do not over-thicken the mixture, its optimum thickness should be about 5 mm. If the spray is carried out on a wooden wall, then the thickness of this plaster layer should be 1 cm. 
Application of single-layer plaster and schemeSet the frame with the grid. The primer is the second layer of plaster, the main purpose of which is to smooth the surface of the wall. Before proceeding with this type of work, be sure to check how well the first layer of plaster hardened, that is, the spray. To achieve a perfectly flat wall surface, it is often necessary to apply more than one such layer, and two or more. Each layer of soil must be carefully leveled, especially for the last layer. The mixture is applied to the surface of the wall by spreading from the bottom to the top. During operation, you need to use a large semifinished, which is best suited for soil application. The solution should be more dense than for spraying, and have a doughy consistency. At the end of this work should be fairly smooth and smooth surface. Now, while the ground has not yet hardened, it is necessary to make small incisions with a depth of no more than 2 mm over the entire surface of the wall. This will allow the final covering layer to bond well to the surface. Cover is the finish layer of plaster, which should have a creamy consistency. The thickness of this layer of solution should be 2-4 mm. Mixture for the covering should be prepared approximately according to the same rules as for the soil. However, in this case, use only very pure quartz sand, carefully sifted through a sieve with small cells. The coating should be applied only on a perfectly smooth, without any defects, layer of soil. If before the final plastering the primer has completely dried up, then it must be thoroughly moistened with clean water. However, it is best to start this work before the hardening of the soil, when it has already grabbed, but has not yet dried. This will ensure the best adhesion to the surface and get a more durable plaster coating. The thickness of the covering directly depends on how smooth and smooth the surface has a primer coating. When the final layer of plaster dries a little, you can start working on mashing the surface. This procedure must be performed by a special wooden grater covered with felt liner. Begin the mashing should be from the top of the wall, gradually moving downwards. If in the process of this work on the surface of the wall were found cavities, then they must immediately be eliminated by adding a little solution. Plastering walls is a rather complicated job, which requires certain knowledge, skills and considerable experience. Therefore, before you begin to apply a layer of plaster on the whole wall, you should practice a little on smaller objects. </ ul>
