Modern apartment design dictates newrequirements for ceiling design. Suspended and stretch ceilings, ceilings made of plastic panels and others are widely used. Do-it-yourself installation of spotlights solves the problem of a modern approach to lighting. More and more often, a massive chandelier is replaced by a source of directional spotlighting.
Correctly installed spotlightsilluminate the room well. Do-it-yourself installation of spotlights is quite simple. At the same time, the use of such equipment allows you to use the main advantage - uniform illumination of the room, to ensure the absence of shadows. A large assortment of manufactured options allows you to choose the shape and color shade of the glow you like.
Basic designs of spotlights
Connection diagram for spot ceiling220V lamps. Spotlights are installed in suspended or surface-mounted systems (including those using plasterboard), which provide a gap between the main surface where the equipment is mounted and the room element. They are usually placed on the ceiling or wall. Sometimes spotlights are used to decorate furniture elements. In general, the design of a spotlight includes the following elements:
- Mounting armature (body) with spring-loaded paws on which the cartridge is attached;
- mirror reflector;
- external decorative panel;
- lamp.
Connection diagram of the halogen protection devicelamps. The outer plastic or metal panel is fixed to the front surface of the suspension system. As a rule, it has a round shape, but can also be square, polygonal, star-shaped, etc. The color of the panel can be chosen at the discretion of the consumer. It creates a decorative look and limits the area of the lamp. A small incandescent lamp, fluorescent, halogen or LED lamp can be used as a light source in a spot lamp. Such lamps can be designed for different voltages, 12 or 100 (110) V with connection via a step-down transformer or 220 V. To supply power, the equipment is equipped with contact terminals or ready-to-connect wire sections are brought out of the socket. A standard socket with a screw thread is used. Sometimes, to ensure the ability to change the direction of the light flux, the design of the lamp is complicated by introducing hinges. The lamps of such lamps have an unusual flattened bulb and are enclosed in a second glass case. Return to Contents</a>
Preparation for installation work
Installation diagram of spotlights.When preparing for installation, it is necessary to decide how and in what quantity to install the lamps. First of all, it is necessary to clarify whether the gap between the suspended element and the ceiling is sufficient for installing the lighting fixture, based on the condition that for a halogen lamp the minimum depth is 60 mm, and for an incandescent lamp - at least 120 mm. The number and distance between the lamps are determined by the required illumination of the room and its uniformity over the area. When determining these parameters, several conditions should be taken into account:
The device of a spotlight. The tool necessary for preparatory work:
- electric drill;
- milling crown;
- knife;
- roulette;
- line meter.
Preparatory work for installation begins withmarking. First, the position of the lamps closest to the wall is marked. To ensure that the wall is not in shadow and is evenly illuminated, the distance from the wall to the first lamps should be no more than 60 cm. Then, the position of the remaining lighting fixtures is marked according to the selected arrangement and taking into account that the distance between them is no more than 1 m. In the marking areas, holes are drilled for spotlights with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the lamp body. Lighting fixtures with a diameter of 68 mm are most widely used. The hole is made by drilling with an electric drill with a crown (for wood) of the required diameter. Return to contents</a>
Preparation and installation of electric wires: step-by-step instruction
Wiring installation diagram for plasterboard. Wiring installation tool:
- screwdriver;
- knife;
- pliers;
- pliers for sleeves;
- indicator screwdriver.
- consumable material:
- wire ВВГ 2х1.5 or ВВГ 3х1.5;
- the wire of the RCMM;
- tape insulation;
- connecting sleeve;
- clamp;
- tube corrugated.
The order of electrical connection of lampsmay be different. Most often, simultaneous switching on of all lamps is used (single-key switch), but a scheme for switching on individual groups of lamps (two- or more-key switch) can also be used. Accordingly, parallel connection of lamps is provided by one bundle of wires, or several bundles are formed. Their connection to the supply network is made in a standard junction box.
Installation diagram of a spotlight on a stretch ceilingceiling. When choosing the type of electrical wire, the ceiling material should be taken into account. If the installation is carried out on a non-combustible material, such as plasterboard, you can use such a well-known wire as a VVG 2 (3) x 1.5 wire in a two-core or three-core design. When lamps are mounted on plastics, it is necessary to use a wire with non-combustible insulation - РКГМ. For ease of installation, the wire must be flexible, which is ensured by the multi-wire design of the core. The ends of the wires are connected to one of the terminals of the lamp holder and grouped into a bundle, fastened with standard clamps. The second terminals of the lampholders of all lamps are connected to each other with a jumper, and the wire from the connected terminals is attached to the bundle. The grounding terminals of the lamps are connected to each other in a similar way. The formed bundle of wires is pulled into a plastic corrugated tube of the required size. The corrugation is necessary to eliminate the risk of contact between the conductive parts of the wiring and metal elements and to protect the insulation of the electrical wires. All wire connections are recommended to be made using screws of standard terminal connectors. The free end of the bundle in the corrugation enters the junction box, where it is subsequently connected to the general electrical network. As a result of all the procedures, a group of wires is formed, including a bundle of wires, the ends of which should be connected to each other to connect the phase; neutral wire and ground wire. For ease of connection, it is advisable to separate these types of wires by color. Return to contents</a>
Installation of fixtures: completion of installation
At the final stage, the following tool is required:
- screwdriver;
- pliers;
- knife;
- tester.
At the final stage of installation,final installation of spotlights. The body of the spotlight is inserted into the hole, while the spring clamps are compressed and brought up. When the spotlight is completely immersed in its place, the spring clamp is released and fixes the body on the suspended surface of the ceiling. The corrugated tube with wires is carefully placed on the inner surface of the suspended element, and its free end is fed into the junction box. After fixing the suspended element of the ceiling, it is necessary to carry out a final check of the installation. First of all, the reliability of fixing each spotlight is checked. Then the correctness of the electrical connection of the lighting devices is checked. After this, the electrical wiring of the lighting devices is connected to the general power grid. At the end of all operations, the lamps are screwed in. The installation of spotlights with your own hands is complete. Installing spotlights with your own hands is not a very difficult operation. Almost anyone can install them, subject to basic rules and safety requirements. At the same time, the use of spotlights allows you to make your home more modern and beautiful, and the lighting of the room more uniform and saturated.</ ul>
